Türkiye · 2023
The costliest quake of the year
~$34B damage, ~90% uninsured — two M7+ ruptures and the protection gap.
Chile · 2010 · M8.8
A megathrust at full scale
~$30B economic, ~$8B insured — testing the models at giant magnitude.
Mexico City · 2017
Why the lakebed decided which fell
226 lives, $2.5B+ — soft-soil amplification and the modelling gap.